• Physical Profile
• Population
• Crude Birth Rate
• Crude Death Rate
• Labor Force and Employment
• Household/Family Income
• Poverty Threshold and Poverty Incidence

• Health
• Nutrition
• Family Planning
• Health Services/Facilities
• Education
• Housing
• Households by Tenure Status of the Lot

• Social Welfare
• Roads and Bridges
• Transport Systems
• Power
• Water Resources/Supply
• Income and Expenditures
• Peace and Order Situation

The name Camiguin is derived from the native word Kamagong, a hard wood in the ebony family, which grows near Lake Mainit.  The original inhabitants of Camiguin were the Manobos who immigrated from the Surigao provinces.  The old native language of Camiguin is called Kinamiguing, which is similar to the tribal language in Surigao.

Physical Profile

Location and Land Area

Camiguin is a pear-shaped island-province located 10 kilometers north of the province of Misamis Oriental; 54 kilometers southeast of Bohol Island; and 90 kilometers north of Cagayan de Oro City, the regional seat of Northern Mindanao.

Its total land area is 23.863 hectares, which constitute 1.22% of the region's total.  It is bounded in the north by Bohol Sea; in the west by Macajalar Bay; in the southeast by Gingoog Bay; and in the east by Butuan Bay.

Topography

The province is mountainous with mostly rocky and rugged terrain with stretches of originally white sand beaches.  Seven volcanoes dominate the landscape.  Three of its highest peaks are Mount Timpoong, which rises 1,580 meters above sea level; Mount Mambajao, which stands 1,420 meters; and Mount Hibok-Hibok, rising 1,240 meters above sea level.  Mount Hibok-hibok which erupted in 1951, is considered as one of the active principal volcanoes in the Philippines.  Bays surround the province upon which coastal population depend their livelihoods.

Climate

Vegetation and natural springs make the island's climate cool, mild and invigorating.

Camiguin has a type II climate with a mean annual temperature of 23.64 degrees centigrade.  Its lowest temperature is 23.41 degrees centigrade recorded between the months of September and March with the highest temperature of 25.6 degrees centigrade recorded between the months of April and August.  The relative humidity of the province averages 76.77% year round.

Land Use

Of Camiguin's total land area of 23,863 hectares, 83% (19,753 has.) is classified as alienable and disposable.  The remaining area is considered as timberland.

Greater portions of the municipalities are devoted to coconuts while patches are palay and corn farms.  Fruit trees are inter-cropped with coconuts.

Commercial, residential, and institutional areas are mostly found in the coastal and poblacion areas.  The five municipalities are interconnected through the province's 64.08-kilometer circumferential road.

Soil Type

The province has five soil types.  These include 1) beach sand found in the southwestern portion of the island along the coasts of Catarman and Sagay; 2) San Manuel Loam found in a flat to nearly level areas along the shores and foot slopes; 3) Mambajao clay found in moderately sloping areas; 4) Camiguin clay found in the sloping mountainous areas at mid-elevation; and 5) mountain soils found in the central portion of the island within the volcanic mountains.

Political Subdivision

The province is classified  as a fourth-class province.  It is composed of five municipalities, namely, Mambajao, Mahinog, Guinsiliban, Sagay and Catarman.

Mambajao is the capital municipality and is classified as a fourth-class municipality; Mahinog, Sagay and Catarman are classified as fifth-class municipalities while Guinsiliban, a sixth-class municipality.

All the five municipalities comprise 58 barangays.  Forty-one barangays are located along the coasts while 17 are upland.

POLITICAL SUBDIVISION AND LAND AREA

Demographic Profile

Population

Camiguin has a total of 74,232 (based on NSO 2000 Census) with 51% males and 49% females.  This has increased by 15.5% from a total population of only 64,247 in 1990, posting an average annual growth rate of 1.46%.

Of the five municipalities, Mambajao registered the highest annual growth rate of 2.03%, followed by Guinsiliban with 1.61%, Mahinog with 1.08% and Catarman with 0.96%.  Sagay posted the lowest average annual growth rate of 0.87%.

The province's population density has gone up to 311 persons per square kilometer in 2000 from only 269 persons per square kilometer in 1990.  Of the five municipalities, Mahinog has the highest population density of 387 persons per square kilometer.  Mambajao followed with a population density of 346 persons per square kilometer.  Catarman ranks third with 286, followed by Guinsiliban with 265.  Sagay posted the lowest population density of only 235 persons per square kilometer.

Camiguin has a total of 14,826 households, 40% of which lives in Mambajao.  Guinsiliban has the least number of households at 1,066 or 7% of the province's total.

Crude Birth Rate

The province registered a total of 1,484 births in 2002, posting Crude Birth Rate (CBR) at almost 20 births per one hundred thousand population.  The province's CBR slightly dropped from the reported 1,506 births in 2001 during which CBR was posted at 19.95%.

Crude Death Rate

There were 434 deaths in 2002, which posted Crude Death Rate (CDR) at six deaths per one thousand population.  This is an improvement from the 2001 figure, which recorded about seven deaths per one thousand population.

In 2002, Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) in the province was slightly better at 21.56 per one thousand live births compared to that in the previous year at 21.91 per one thousand live births.

While IMR and CDR showed signs of improvement, maternal mortality worsened to two deaths per one thousand live births in 2002 from zero in 2001

 

Socio Economic Profile

Labor Force and Employment

The 2002 Labor Force Survey showed that of the 49,000 population 15 years old and over in Camiguin, 39,837 or 81.3% were in the labor force.


Household/Family Income

The CY 2000 Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES) showed that the total family income in Camiguin was P1.263 billion, with an average family income of P87,441.  Total family expenditures for the same year was pegged at P1.099 billion or a mean expenditure of P76,117.

Most of the families derived their income from farming while others earned their living from fishing, trading and employment.


Poverty Threshold and Poverty Incidence

The annual per capita poverty threshold for Camiguin has increased by 24.1% from only P9,666 in 1997 to P12,160 in 2000.

Since 1997, poverty incidence in Camiguin has decreased by 15% (from 71% of the population in 1996 to 56% of the population in 2000)


Health

The leading cause of mortality in the province is pneumonia with 7.7% of the cases coming from the infant age group.  Pneumonia also claimed the live of 70 patients from those aging 65 years and above.  Other top causes of  mortality are cancer, chronic heart failure, bleeding peptic ulcer, accident, pulmonary tuberculosis, CVA, renal failure, myocardial infection, septicemia and hypertension.

In contrast, respiratory tract infection (RTI) was identified  as the leading cause of morbidity in the province.  It was noted that in the municipal level cases involving children 0-5 years old were adequately treated with medicines.  However, there is inadequacy of medicines for children over five years and for adults.  Continuous advocacy is conducted at the municipal level to address this concern.  Other top causes of morbidity are bronchitis, pneumonia, wounds, influenza, hypertension, skin problem, acute gastroenteritis, UTI, asthma, pulmonary tuberculosis and arthritis.

Nutrition

With the support of Impact Foundation Philippines and Helen Keller International, the province had the modest gains along reducing its malnutrition rate.  The malnutrition rate in year 2002 has slightly improved at 4.1% in comparison with the previous year (2001) at 4.4%.  This can be attributed to the province's thrust of responding to the problem on malnutrition through mother's education, micronutrient supplementation (Vitamin A & use of Iodized salt) and the activation of the Barangay Nutrition Council.

Nutrition activities are conducted both in the provincial and municipal levels through the Provincial Social Welfare and Development Office.  For nutrition advocacy work, there are fifty-eight (58) Barangay Nutrition Scholars throughout the province that are tapped to undertake this and other works related to promoting nutrition.


Family Planning

Contraceptive Prevalence Rate (CPR) in 2002 is 79.31%, which may explain the drop of CBR.  From among the municipalities, Catarman posted high usage at 91.94% and Mambajao, the lowest at 53.75%.  Pill is the widely used contraceptive with usage rate of 33%, followed by IUD-26%, DMPA-12.2%, LAM-12%, Bilateral Tubal Ligation (BTL) and Natural Family Planning-0.4%.  The noticeable increase in the number of couples accepting the usage of BTL is attributed to their access of the ligation procedure/services at the Catarman District Hospital.


Health Services/Facilities

The provincial government manages two hospitals, namely, the Camiguin General Hospital, and the Catarman District Hospital.

Camiguin General Hospital is a 100-bed tertiary hospital with 16 physicians, 1 dentist, 37 nurses, 17 nursing attendant-midwives, and 2 pharmacists.  Catarman District Hospital has a 25-bed capacity.

The Provincial Health Office (PHO) supervises the operations of these hospitals and provides assistance on public health services.  The technical office of the PHO ensures and supports the implementation of health programs in the municipalities.  A Center for Health Development also exists in the province as an extension of the Regional Health Office.

Executive Order No. 4 (s.2000), signed by Governor Pedro P. Romualdo on April 26, 2000, created two (2) district health zones, namely, the M & M Health Zone, comprising the municipalities of Mambajao and Mahinog (M&M District) , and the GUINSACAT Health Zone which covers the municipalities of Guinsiliban, Sagay and Catarman (GUINSACAT District).

Five (5) rural health clinics are located in each municipality and six barangay health stations in each district.

A community-based Management Information System is presently installed to establish closer links between the two health districts.The province has a total of 5 Municipal Health Officers, 8 Public Health Nurses, 17 Rural Health Midwives, and 4 Public Health Dentists.

Health hazardous wastes are collected by compactor-dump trucks at least thrice weekly, if not daily, and disposed through open dumping.

Education

For the efficient delivery of education services, Camiguin is divided into three (3) districts, namely, Mambajao, Catarman and Mahinog Districts for which two (2) higher educational institutions, 1 vocational school, 8 secondary schools and 53 elementary schools are in place.

During the school year 2001-2002, a total of 12,929 pupils were enrolled and handled by 468 elementary (private and public) school teachers.  Secondary education (both public and private schools) has a total enrolment of 5,902 students under 186 teachers.

Housing

As of 2000, the province has a total of 14,735 occupied housing units for 14,826 households with household population of 74,134.  The provincial ratio of households to occupied housing is at 1.01 while the ratio of household population to occupied housing is at 5.03.

Comparing the municipalities, Mambajao has the highest household population to occupied housing ratio at 5.19, even higher than the provincial ratio of 5.03.  This can be explained by the fact that Mambajao is the capital and has the highest household population among the municipalities.  Mamabajao is followed by Mahinog, (5.07), Sagay (5.06), Guinsiliban (4.8) and Catarman (4.77).

The most common type of building is the single house type that accounts for 98.6% of housing unit types.  The minimal 14.4% was divided among the duplex, multi-unit residential, commercial/agricultural/industrial living quarters, and other housing unit types.

Occupied Housing Units, household Population and Ratio of Households and Household Population to Occupied Housing Units, By Type of Building, 2000

Households by Tenure Status of the Lot

More than half (51%) of the households in the province own/amortize their occupied lots while a large proportion (43%) are occupying rent-free lots with consent of owners.

Across municipalities, Sagay has the most number of households that own/amortize their occupied lots at 56.4% followed closely by Mahinog (55.8%), Catarman (50.9%), Guinsiliban (49%).  For households occupying rent-free lots with consent of owners, Mambajao has the highest percentage at 47% followed by Catarman at 45.6%, Guinsiliban at 38.0%, Sagay at 37.8% and Mahinog at 36.5%.

Households by Tenure Status of the Lot, 2000

Social Welfare

In year 2000, there are a total of 1,032 disabled persons in the province with 21% coming from the 0-19 age group.  From among the types of disability, there is a recorded high prevalence of partial blindness and low vision, both of which constitute 32% of the total number of disabled persons (partial blindness-16%, low vision-16%) in the province.  This is followed by mental retardation at 10%, quadriplegic at 9% and mentally ill persons at 9%.

Across gender, the statistics show that there are more men (544) than women (488) with disabilities.  Of the 544 men, 15% (82) have partial blindness while low vision closely follow at 14% (74).  This is exactly a reverse on the situation of disabled women that showed higher prevalence for low vision at 19% with partial blindness ranking second at 17%.As of 2002, the province has already established 67 Day Care Centers (DCC).  Of these, 63 have permanent structure while the rest are temporary.  Working on these centers are 68 day care workers serving a total of 1,742 enrolled pre-schoolers.  Honorarium is provided to these workers by the provincial government and from the congressional fund.

Disabled Persons by Type of Disability, 2000

Roads and Bridges


Camiguin has an arterial circumferential national road of 64.085 kilometers almost all of which have already been concreted.

The province has a total road network of 477.736 kilometers, 59% of which is of earth-type, 16% graveled, and the remaining 25% is concrete-paved, leaving a very small portion that is asphalt-paved.

Of Camiguin's total road network, 291.927 kilometers (62%) are classified as barangay roads, 95.557 kilometers (20%) classified as provincial roads, 64.085 kilometers (13%) as national road, and 36.167 kilometers (5%) as municipal roads. With Camiguin's total land area of 238.63 square kilometers, road density is posted at 2.002, which is 6% more than the 1.888 road density in the province in 1995.As of December 2002, there are 21 bridges along the national road, with a total length of 637.75 lineal meters.  Eighty-one percent (81%) of these bridges are concrete while the rest are steel bridges. Road Network by Classification

Transport Systems

As of December 2002, the number of motor vehicles registered in Camiguin totaled 2,610, posting 55% increase from 1997's total of 1,678.  Compared to the 1,365 vehicles registered in 1995, motor vehicle registration in the province has remarkably increased by 92%, posting an average annual growth rate of 9.5% per year.


Power


The National Power Corporation's hydroelectric plant in mainland of Mindanao provides the power supply in the province.  The 69 KVA transmission line stretches 54 kilometers before it reaches the Camiguin Electric Cooperative (CAMELCO).  Power reaches the island through a 10.6-kilometer submarine cable from its transformer at Esperanza, Kinoguitan, Misamis Oriental.

The National Power Corporation (NPC) sold a total of 10.9 million kilowatt-hours of energy to CAMELCO in 2002.  Compared to CAMELCO's energy purchase of 7.3 million kilowatt-hours in 1997, NPC experienced an average annual increase of 8.24% in energy sales from CAMELCO.

Of the 14,826 households in Camiguin, 10,239 (69.06%) already have power connections as recorded as of August 2003 leaving a little more than 30 percent still unenergized.

By municipality, Mambajao has 81.65% of its households energized.  Mahinog follows energizing 66.6% of its households.  Guinsiliban has the least number of households energized though electricity has already been provided to more than half (59.77%) of its total number of households.

Compared to the 8,509 households energized in 2000, energization or household connections in the province grew by 20.33%.

Power consumption is classified into residential, commercial, public buildings and streetlights.  Power rates are based on the level of consumption per kilowatt-hour.

Households with Power Connections, As of August 2003

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