Commission on Population     
 Regional Population Office No. 10

       J.V. Seriña St., Carmen, Cagayan de Oro City

"Tatlumpu't limang taong paglilingkod tungo sa matatag na Pilipinong pamilya"
 
   

NORTHERN MINDANAO
   
   

 

Region 10 is composed of the provinces of Bukidnon, Camiguin, Misamis Occidental, Misamis Oriental, and Lanao del Norte and the five cities of Cagayan de Oro, Gingoog, Oroquieta, Ozamiz, Iligan and Tangub. It has a total land area of 19,279.6 square kilometers. It has a total of 75 municipalities and 2,020 barangays.

Demographic Profile

Population Density and Growth

The region’s total population is placed at 2,738,329 as of 2000 Census of Population or an increase of 10.64 percent (264,313) compared to census of 1995.  In 2003, with the inclusion of Lanao del Norte and Iligan City, the region's population is estimated to be at 3,505,708.  Region 10 ranks 12th among the regions in terms of population, constituting 3.63 percent of the national total.

The population growth rate of the region is 2.08, which is higher than the national growth rate of 2.02.  The provinces, which registered high growth rates, were Misamis Oriental (2.47) and Bukidnon (2.46).  Among the cities were Gingoog (3.41) and Malaybalay (2.09).  The rest of the provinces and cities registered only at percent growth annually.

The population of the provinces accounted for 79 percent of the population while that of the cities constituted 21 percent.  Bukidnon is the most populous province, constituting 30.24% (1,060,265) of the total population followed by Misamis Oriental 18.95% (664,338); Misamis Occidental 13.88% (486,723); Lanao del Norte 13.49% (473,062) and Camiguin, the smallest province with 2.11% (74,232).

The most populous city is Cagayan de Oro with 13.17% (461,877) followed by Iligan 8.13% (285,061); Valencia 4.21% (147,924); Malaybalay 3.52% (123,672); Ozamis 3.14% (110,420); Gingoog 2.92% (102,379); Oroquieta 1.70% (59,843) and Tangub 1.41% (49,695).

With a higher growth rate in population, crude population density increased by 13% from 157 persons per square kilometer in 1990 to 177 in 1995 and 194 persons per square kilometer in 2000 an increased by 9.03% over period of five (5) years.

Being the region’s capital city, Cagayan de Oro registered the most number of persons per square kilometer at 1,118.89.  This could be attributed to the fast growth of Region 10 as an industrial center and the development of the Cagayan-Iligan Corridor (CIC) areas.

Northern Mindanao has a predominantly young population with 51.27% of the latest population survey, belonging to 19 years and below age group while only 3.2% were aged 65 years and over.   Men outnumbered women by only 3.96% indicating that males comprise 51% of the total population and females 49%.

The dependency ratio per 100 workers of 15-64 age group was 76.96%, an increased by 5.74 compared to 1995, which was 72.78%.  

The great majority of households (HH) are headed by men.  There is only one (1) female-headed household for every eight (8) male-headed households.  Seventy seven (77%) of female-headed households have a household size of 1-4 while 57% of male-headed households have a household size of five (5) or more.  The data presents a greater percentage of women in this region who are economically active and productive at the same time performing their reproductive and community participation roles.

Province/City/

Land Area (Square Kilometer)
 Population
Population Density (pop'n. per square km.)
Household Population
Number of Household
Growth Rate
Region 10
19,279.6
3,505,558
181.84
3,499,301
689,346
2.19
Provinces
Bukidnon (including Malaybalay & Valencia)
 8,293.78
1,060,265
129
1,060,253
201,777
2.60
Camiguin 
 238.63
74,232
311.90
74,134
14,826
1.88
Lanao del Norte (excluding Iligan)
 3,662.5
473,062
129.2
472,646
90,091
1.53
Misamis Occidental (including Tangub, Oroquieta & Ozamiz)
 2,041.4
486,723
238.43
485,978
99,901
1.27
Misamis Oriental (excluding CDO)
3,570.10
664,338
186.08
663,705
132,042
2.67
Cities
Cagayan de Oro
 412.8
461,877
1,118.89
459,824
93,525
1.63
Gingoog
404.6
102,379
253.04
102,241
20,081
3.41
Ozamiz
         164.07
110,420
673.0
110,104
22,170
1.73
Tangub
165.70
49,695
299.9
49,658
9,480
1.67
Oroquieta
263.94
59,843
226.73
59,566
12,417
1.43
Iligan
 813.4
285,061
350.46
284,438
57,179
0.93
Malaybalay
984.41
123,672
125.63
123,672
23,521
2.09
Valencia
607.14
147,924
243.64
147,924
28,425
3.04
Source: NSO

The great majority of households (HH) are headed by men.  There is only one (1) female-headed household for every eight (8) male-headed households.  Seventy seven (77%) of female-headed households have a household size of 1-4 while 57% of male-headed households have a household size of five (5) or more.  The data presents a greater percentage of women in this region who are economically active and productive at the same time performing their reproductive and community participation roles.


Families and Households


Household Size
Female Headed
Male Headed
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
1
8,249
14
12,106
3
2
11,069
19
36,823
8
3
10,448
18
67,288
14
4
8,986
15
89,384
19
5
7,110
12
84,303
17
6
5,014
8
68,201
14
7
3,453
6
49,191
10
8 and over
4,969
8
75,487
16
Total
59,288
100
482,783
100
Source: 2000 Census of Population and Housing, NSO



Migration and Urbanization

The region grew by an average of only 1.99 percent over the last five (5) years.  There are areas in the region which experienced rapid growth, and these are the major urban centers.  The lack of livelihood opportunities in the rural areas, coupled by the pockets of disturbances, pushed the population towards the city center thereby putting more pressure into already congested centers of development.   

Urban growth in the region is concentrated along the northwestern coast, with the two most populous urban centers of Cagayan de Oro and Iligan forming a potential metropolitan growth area.  The two cities, which are classified as highly urbanized comprised about 56% of the total population of the eight cities in 2000.  Along the same major highway linking Iligan and Cagayan de Oro, and towards eastern portion of the region is the steadily growing Gingoog City, also considered a primary urban center.  Towards the south in the mountain province of Bukidnon are two fast growing  cities of Valencia and Malaybalay. (NEDA Regional Physical Framework Plan 2004)                                                                                                                                                                   

The Socio-Economic Situation

Economic and Employment

Region 10’s  labor force participation  rate  for women showed a slightly increasing trend.  It rose from  42.46% in 2001  to 42.68 percent in 2002  while for men it had gone down from  57.54% in 2001 to 57.37% in 2002. 

Women were more dominant among the officials of government and special interest organizations, corporate executives, managers, managing proprietors and supervisors (63.52%);  professionals (70.58%); and clerks (61.70%).  On the other hand, men were mostly laborers and unskilled workers (48.69%); farmers, forestry workers, and fishermen (78.72%); and trades and related workers (82.0%).  (LFS October 2002), NSO.  Since  1999 more women than men have been working abroad from 8% to 17% in 2002.   (NSO-10; NEDA 10  Facts and Figures for Women Region 10) 


Poverty

Poverty  Incidence  in  Region 10


Province
Rate
1997
2000
Camiguin
39
56
Lanao del Norte
50
55
Misamis Occidental
49
49
Bukidnon
48
40
Misamis Oriental
36
32
Region 10
43
39
Philippines
-
34
Source: Inter-TWG on Income and Poverty Statistics, NSCB 2000

Poverty incidence was estimated at 39% as of 2000, a slight improvement from the 43% in 1997.  Among the provinces, Camiguin had the highest incidence at 56% followed by Lanao del  Norte with 55%.  Poverty is more prevalent in the rural areas with around 74% of the 253,782 total poor families classified as living below the poverty line.

Except for Misamis Oriental, the provinces in Region 10 have poverty incidences that are higher than the national figure of 34%.  Camiguin, for instance, is number 9 of  the 10   poorest provinces in the Philippines in the year 2000.


Health

A. Births

Based on the 2003 data, there were 79,125 registered births with Crude Birth Rate (CBR) of 21.05 per 1,000 populations.  A decrease of 4.75 percent was noted compared to 2002, which was 22.10 per 1,000 populations.  Among the provinces, Bukidnon, Lanao del Norte and Camiguin posted the highest Crude Birth Rate of  22.90, 20.88 and 19.32 respectively.  A decrease of 12.89 percent for Misamis Oriental for the period of one year was also noted.    

Among the cities, Valencia has the highest CBR of 35.79 percent followed by Cagayan de Oro 23.82%.  Likewise a slight decrease was noted in the cities of Gingoog 3.60%, Malaybalay 3.62%, and Tangub 5.02%.  However, Ozamiz City revealed a significant decrease of 41.17percent from 23.34 percent in 2002 to 13.73 percent in 2003. 

Of the registered births, 73.5% (58,159) were delivered at homes; 23.23% (18,382) at government and private health clinics; 1.13% (897) at other places.  Out of the 78,825 registered births, 90.07% (70,997) were attended by trained health personnel including trained hilots, while 2.41% (1,900) were attended by untrained hilots and others.

Of the total livebirths, 52.5% (41,547) were males and 47.1% (37,278) were females.  This shows that there were more males born in 2003 than females.  With regards to weight at births 51,717 (63.36%) were born with a weight of more than 2,500 grams, 18,054 (22.82%) were less than 2,500 grams , while 419 (0.53%) were registered under unknown.

The decrease in Crude Birth Rate (CBR) is an indication that family planning program was fully supported by the Local Government Units (LGUs), the technical and financial assistance provided by Center for Health Development - Northern Mindanao (CHD-NM), as well as the joint efforts of other GOs and NGOs and also the contribution of foreign donors such as USAID-LPP, Asian Development Bank (ADB), Institute of Reproductive Health (IRH), Axis to Voluntary Surgical Contraception (AVSC).  The contimuous quality training of service providers and program coordinators, intensified IEC at all levels and the increased awareness of mothers on the FP program in a reproductive health approach also contributed to the reduction of Crude Birth Rate (CBR) in the region.

B. Deaths

A total of 13,564 deaths were registered in 2003 representing a Crude Death Rate (CDR) of 3.61 per 1,000 populations.  A slight decrease of 11.74 percent was noted for a period of one year from 4.09 percent in 2002 to 3.61 percent in 2003.

Among the provinces, Camiguin has the highest CDR of 5.53% followed by Misamis occidental (4.05%), Misamis Oriental (3.00%), Bukidnon (2.75%) and Lanao del Norte (1.86%)

Among the cities, Oroquieta has the highest of 7.11% followed by Ozamiz (6.97%) and Cagayan de Oro (6.57%).  Iligan has the lowest CDR with only 2.07 percent.

Of the 13,564 deaths, 5.27 percent (715) were infant deaths, of which 1.07% (145) were caused by Pneumonia, Prematurity 0.64% (87) and congenital Anomalies 0.44% (60).

A reduction in the Crude Death Rate (CDR) in the provinces and cities was noted compared to 2002, except Bukidnon which shows an increased of 3.77 percent and three (3) cities, Cagayan de Oro (14.06%), Malaybalay (13.09%) and Valencia (3.70%).

C. Infant Deaths

There were 715 registered infant deaths in 2003 representing an Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) of 9.04 per 1,000 livebirths.  Camiguin posted the highest IMR of 20.56, higher than the regional average of 9.04 per 1,000 livebirths.  This is attributed to teenage pregnancies and unwed mothers in the locality.

Among the cities, Ozamiz registered the highest IMR of 18.61 per 1,000 livebirths, followed by Gingoog (17.26), Cagayan de Oro (16.91), Iligan (13.24),  Tangub (12.41) and Oroquieta (9.74).  Malaybalay and Valencia have an IMR below regional average of 7.95% and 1.90%, respectively.  A decrease of 14.56 percent was noted on the IMR of 2003 (9.04%) compared to 2002, with 10.58per 1,000 livebirths.  

The continuous capability building of service providers, increase awareness of mothers on child care, especially on the integrated management of childhood illness, the promotion and advocacy/IEC on the maternal and child care as well as the joint effort of the LGUs, CDH-NM and donor agencies such as the Management Sciences for Health (MSH), UNICEF, USAID-LPP and the improvement of two way referral system among RHUs/BHs and hospitals, contributed so much on the reduction of the Infant Mortaltiy Rate (IMR) in the region.

D. Maternal Deaths

The total registered Maternal Deaths in 2003 were 58 with Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) of 0.73 per 1,000 livebirths.  A significant increase of 5.79 percent was noted for a period of one (1) year from 0.69% in 2002 to 0.73% in 2003.  Bukidnon registered the highest Maternal Death (20) with an MMR of 1.10 per 1,000 livebirths followed by Lanao del Norte  0.48 and Misamis Oriental 0.40.  The rest of the provinces have zero maternal deaths.

Among the cities, Cagayan de Oro has the highest Maternal Mortality Rate of 1.37% (16) followed by Malaybalay 1.81 (5), Gingoog 1.23 (3), Tangub 0.89 (1) and Valencia 0.52 (3).  Three (3) cities, registered zero (0) MMR, namely: Iligan, Oroquieta and Ozamiz.


BIRTHS, DEATHS, INFANT DEATHS AND MATERNAL DEATHS, Region 10, 2003


PROVINCES/CITIES

POPULATION
BIRTHS
DEATHS
INFANT DEATHS
MATERNAL DEATHS
Number
 
Rate
Number 
Rate
Number 
Rate
Number 
Rate
Bukidnon
793,236
18,163
22.90
2,183
2.75
126
6.94
20
1.10
Camiguin
78,074
1,508
19.32
432
5.53
31
20.56
0
0.00
Lanao del Norte
496,801
10,373
20.88
924
1.86
50
4.82
5
0.48
Misamis Occidental
282,660
4,461
15.78
1,145
4.05
38
8.52
0
0.00
Misamis Oriental
678,601
12,563
18.51
2,034
3.00
70
5.57
5
0.40
TOTAL PROVINCE
2,329,372
47,068
20.21
6,718
2.88
315
6.69
30
0.64
Cagayan de Oro City
489,270
11,653
23.82
3,216
6.57
197
16.91
16
1.37
Gingoog City
116,699
2,434
20.86
529
4.53
42
17.26
3
1.23
Iligan City
293,088
5,439
18.56
608
2.07
72
13.24
0
0.00
Malaybalay City
135,045
2,766
20.48
584
4.32
22
7.95
5
1.81
Oroquieta City
62,827
1,232
19.61
446
7.10
12
9.74
0
0.00
Ozamiz City
117,405
1,612
13.73
818
6.97
30
18.61
0
0.00
Tangub City
52,825
1,128
21.35
237
4.49
14
12.41
1
0.89
Valencia City
161,877
5,793
35.79
408
2.52
11
1.90
3
0.52
TOTAL CITIES
1,429,036
32,057
22.43
6,846
4.79
400
12.48
28
0.87
TOTAL REGION
3,758,408
79,125
21.05
13,564
3.61
715
9.04
58
0.73
Source:  DOH 10

E. Morbidity and Its Leading Causes

communicable disease except for hypertension, skin diseases and diseases of the heart continue to be the major health problems in the region.

Acute Upper Respiratory Infections (4,465.32) leads the ten (10) leading causes of morbidity.  It   showed a marked increase of 59.16 percent compared with 2002 (2,805.32) and 81.15 percent increase for the past five (5) years.  Five diseases rose their rank in 2003, namely: bronchitis (4th to 2nd), diarrhea (5th to 3rd), hypertension (6th to 4th), skin diseases/lesions (10th to 5th) and  TB respiratory/TB all forms (9th to 6th).


MORBIDITY, LEADING CAUSES, 5-YEAR AVERAGE (1998-2002) & 2003, REGION 10


CAUSES
5-YEAR AVERAGE (1998-2002)
2003
NUMBER

RATE
NUMBER
RATE
Acute Upper Respiratory Infections
35,293
1,264.55
167,825
4,465.32
Pneumonia
36,229
1,298.08
47,867
1,273.60
Diarrheas
27,247
976.25
39,358
1,047.20
Hypertension
13,161
471.57
23,818
633.73
Skin Diseases/Lesions
3,140
112.50
6,042
160.76
TB Respiratory/TB All Forms
5,096
182.58
4,659
123.96
Wounds, all forms
-
-
8,717
231.93
Injuries
-
-
6,962
185.24
Disease of the Kidney
-
-
5,572
148.25
Peptic Ulcer
-
-
4,595
122.26
Source: DOH 10

 

F. Mortality and Its Leading Causes

The shift from communicable to degenerative disease as the leading cause of deaths for the past 5 years was noted compared to the last ten (10) years wherein most of the causes of deaths were communicable in nature. Of the leading causes of mortality in 2003, only two (2) were caused by communicable diseases namely: Pneumonia and tuberculosis, while the rest are non-communicable in nature.

Pneumonia and diseases of the circulatory system presented a marked decrease of 9.64% and 0.57% compared to 2002 but for the past 5 years, pneumonia has increased by 1.10%.

Other causes of mortality such as accidents/violence, kidney diseases and septicemia exhibited a significant increase of 3.83%, 73.97% and 13.59% compared to 2002.  Likewise, compared to the 5-year average, six (6) of the leading causes of mortality exhibited also an increasing trend namely: pneumonia (1.10%), malignancy (6.17%), kidney (9.69%), septicemia (1.41%), diabetes mellitus (13.18%) and peptic ulcer (1.75%).  However, malignancy, tuberculosis,  septicemia, peptic ulcer and malnutrition showed a decreasing trend of 21.17%, 22.50%; 2.69%; 3.67% and 56.62%, respectively, over a one-year period.

MORTALITY, LEADING CAUSES, 5-YEAR AVERAGE (1998-2002) & 2003, REGION 10


CAUSES
5-YEAR AVERAGE (1998-2002)
2003